The Causes of Autism
Autism - There are many theories regarding the reason for Autism Spectrum Disorder, but currently none that have been proven to be the only real cause to promote abnormalities in brain development (with one exception " the rare disorder called Rett's Syndrome has been confirmed being caused by a specific genetic mutation).
Autism - The most frequent theory supposes that there's no cause for ASD, but alternatively a variety of things that co-occur to produce complex neurological disorders. However, not everyone agrees and there's turbulent controversy with this topic. Many people are deeply passionate within their assertion that certain particular factor including lead and mercury poisoning or preservatives in vaccines are the reason ASD is rising more rapidly than every other mental disorder among children.
Genetics
While genetics doesn't account for every case of autism, it is certainly an issue. Studies show that oldsters who have ASD and have family members with ASD are much more likely to have youngsters with ASD, and when two parents get one child with ASD the likelihood of exactly the same couple having another child with ASD increases dramatically. Also, various numerous studies have identified non-inherited or �spontaneous' genetic mutations contained in certain youngsters with ASD.
Prenatal Environment
Since genetics cannot take into account all cases of ASD, it really is commonly assumed that environmental causes could eventually account for the rest of the cases. Central among these is prenatal environment, which can affect getting pregnant through the critical first eight weeks of conception. Such as:
*Teratogens - Environmental agents recognized to cause birth defects. Examples are thalidomide, valproic acid or misoprostol; or rubella infection in the mother.
*Pesticides - There are cases of autism in youngsters conceived near farm fields which use organochlorine pesticides including dicofol and endosulfan. A relatively small number of cases when children with ASD can be proven to happen to be conceived under these conditions plus a small control population to check against make further studies connecting pesticides with autism challenging.
*Folic Acid - An untested hypothesis proposes that Vitamin b folic acid might lead to autism due to its modulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanism.
*Fetal Testosterone - One project has published several reports suggesting that prime levels of fetal testosterone could produce behaviors strongly related those observed in autism. This remains a controversial theory.
*Ultrasound - A study conducted in 2006 indicated that sustained exposure of mouse embryos to ultrasound waves caused a small but statistically significant quantity of neurons to fail to acquire their proper position during neuronal migration.
Perinatal Environment
A 2007 overview of risks found associated obstetric issues that included low birth weight and gestation duration, and hypoxia during childbirth.
Postnatal Environment
MMR Vaccine Body of the very controversial hypothesized reasons for autism. A �study� conducted by Andrew Wakefield and 12 others linked technique vaccine in infants with ASD. The entire study was later discovered to get been fraudulently altered by Wakefield so that you can support his claims. Recent reports have verified this theory like a fallacy understanding that there's no outcomes of MMR vaccine and ASD.
Leaky Gut Syndrome - The controversial Wakefield et al. vaccine paper also suggested that some bowel disorders may allow antigens to give from food to the bloodstream then to give rise to brain dysfunction.
Viral Infection - Viruses have for ages been suspected as triggers for immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis but showing a primary role for viral causation is difficult in those diseases, and mechanisms whereby viral infections could lead to autism are speculative.
Oxidative Stress - This theory hypothesizes that toxicity and oxidative stress might cause autism in some cases by damaging Purkinje cells within the cerebellum after birth. It is often suggested that glutathione is involved.
Amygdala Neurons - It really is theorized the amygdala's involvement in social knowledge and social cognition and the deficits in this network are instrumental in causing autism.
Vitamin D - This theory isn't backed by scientific study. It really is hypothesizes that autism is caused by vitamin D deficiency, which recent increases in diagnosed instances of autism are caused by medical health advice to prevent the sun.
Lead - Lead poisoning may be suggested as a possible risk factor for autism, since the lead blood amounts of autistic children continues to be reported to be significantly higher than normal.
Mercury - This theory hypothesizes that autism is a member of mercury poisoning, based on some similarity of symptoms
Other Disproved Theories
-Other Psychogenic Theories
-Television Watching
-Refrigerator Mothers - A theory that has been popular throughout the 60's, it absolutely was theorized that cold mother's bad parenting skills caused trauma towards the child, which caused autism. It was later disproved by Leo Kanner, the same individual who identified autism.